Spring Semester 2000, Vol. 11, no. 1

Lesson II: Looking at Sculpture

Rationale

In order to get students thinking about the Statue of Liberty as an artwork, students will analyze the Statue of Liberty and other sculptures based on art elements such as shape, line, color, scale, and style.  They will examine how those elements affect their interpretations of the statue as a sculpture.  They will compare their interpretations with those of other students.  Students will discover the variety of ways a viewer can look at an artwork by seeing and hearing the other, equally valid interpretations of their classmates.  Students will expand their perspective of the statue from an historical monument to a work of art.

Overview

In this lesson students will investigate the Statue of Liberty, as well as other statues throughout history, from a formal perspective.  They will begin with a quick, 5-word interpretation of each statue, followed by an examination of how formal art elements affect that interpretation.  Students will consider what components must exist for something to become an artwork, and question why some objects are and some objects are not considered art.  They will discover that other people interpret art in different, but equally well founded ways.  The activities in this lesson include elements of art criticism, art history, and aesthetics.  Suggestions for art production and other activities are provided in Extensions.

Objectives

Students will:

  1. examine the Statue of Liberty and other sculptures based on shape, line, color, scale, and style.

  2. discover the ways in which those art elements contribute to their interpretation of the sculpture.

  3. study sculptures throughout history, making note of the artist, title, and date of completion.

  4. compare their interpretations to those of their classmates and determine whether they consider each sculpture a ?work of art.?

Materials and Resources

Materials

  •  photocopies of worksheets.  Make sure each student has a worksheet to fill out for each sculpture you plan to discuss, including the Statue of Liberty.

Reproductions

  • large color images of La Grande Vitesse (by Alexander Calder, 1969), The President (by George Fite Waters, 1928), Large Leaping Hare (by Barry Flanagan, 1982), Boll Weevil Monument (artist unknown, 1919), Vaquero (by Luis Jimenez, 1980-90), Beach Balls (Larson Company, 1993), and The Statue of Liberty (Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi, 1875-86).  There are excellent images of these works at the SOS! website listed below under Resources.

Resources

  • Internet site for artwork reproductions, as well as further information on artworks:  http://www.heritagepreservation.org/PROGRAMS/SOS/4KIDS

Planning and Preparation

  • Familiarize yourself with the artworks you will use for this lesson.  It may be more effective for you to use fewer or different sculptures than the ones listed above.

Vocabulary

Line: an element of art that refers to the continuous mark made on some surface by a moving point. It can define a space, create an outline or contour, define a silhouette, create patterns, create movement, or create the illusion of mass or volume. It may be two-dimensional (as with pencil on paper) three-dimensional (wire/sculptural) or implied (the edge of a shape or form).

Monument: a building, pillar, stone, or the like, erected to preserve the remembrance of a person, event, action, etc.; as the Washington monument; the Bunker Hill monument; a tomb with memorial inscriptions.

Scale: scale in an image, artwork, or sculpture acts to show relations between objects. Rather than measuring weight, however, visual scale deals with apparent relative size of objects.

Sculpture: the art of carving, cutting, or hewing wood, stone, metal, etc., into statues, ornaments, etc., or into figures of people, or other things whether in plastic or hard materials; carved work modeled of, or cut upon, wood, stone, metal, etc.

Shape: an element of art, it is an enclosed space defined and determined by other art

elements such as line, color, value, and texture.

Statue: the likeness of a living being, animal, or other object sculptured or modeled in some solid substance, as marble, bronze, or wax.

Style: an artist's characteristic manner of expression; works of art by different

artists may have certain features in common; have a group style.

Symbol/Symbolism: a visible sign or representation of an idea; anything which suggests an idea, quality, or another thing by resemblance or by convention; a representation; a type; a figure; as, the lion is the symbol of courage; the lamb is the symbol of meekness or patience.

 

Instruction

In this activity, students will look at the Statue of Liberty not only as an historical monument, but as an artwork.  They will view the statue in comparison to other sculptures, and interpret all of the pieces based on their use of shape, line, color, scale, and style.  Hand out the worksheets before you show the sculptures. Begin by showing each of the sculptures in succession, including the Statue of Liberty, and ask the students to quickly answer the first question on the worksheet for each sculpture you show them.  After they have written down the artist?s names, the title of the sculptures, and the date of the sculptures, along with 5 words to describe how they feel about each sculpture, encourage the students to share their answers.  This can be done either by having each of them read their responses aloud, or by putting them in small discussion groups.  Students should be allowed to question each other?s responses, asking why and how certain interpretations evolved.

After students share their responses, examine each sculpture slowly.  The students may fill out their worksheets as a class through discussion, or you may give them time to fill out the worksheets on their own after a short discussion about each sculpture.  Make sure the students fill out a worksheet for each sculpture you discuss.

Once the class has examined each sculpture, ask the students to consider how their interpretations changed once they looked closely at the formal elements of the sculptures. 

 

Extensions/Interdisciplinary Connections

 

Art Production: After the students have filled out all of their worksheets, ask them to make two drawings of each sculpture.  The first will be a drawing based on what they see.  The second will be a drawing in which they alter at least 2 of the art elements discussed in class.

                                             

adapted from SOS! 
(http://www.heritagepreservation.org/PROGRAMS/SOS/4KIDS/howtoloo.htm)

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